Research Article
Strategies adopted by South African teachers to overcome challenges associated with technology integration in rural schools
More Detail
1 University of South Africa, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA* Corresponding Author
Contemporary Educational Technology, 18(2), April 2026, ep639, https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/18055
Published: 09 March 2026
OPEN ACCESS 12 Views 7 Downloads
ABSTRACT
Teachers in different contexts continue to integrate technology into their classrooms to enhance their instructional practices. However, teachers in rural villages encounter several challenges when incorporating technology in their classrooms. Therefore, this qualitative study explores the strategies adopted by teachers in schools in rural villages to overcome the challenges associated with technology integration. This study is located within the interpretive paradigm and a case study research design was adopted. The diffusion of innovation theory was employed as the theoretical lens of this study, while interviews were used to collect the data. Twelve grade 9 teachers from the secondary schools in Bojanala District in the North-West Province were selected purposefully. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that teachers devised different strategies to overcome challenges they encounter when integrating technology into their classrooms. From this, the study concluded that teachers have accepted technology and that it adds value to their classroom instruction, hence they devise strategies to overcome the challenges associated with technology integration. Based on this, the study recommends that the government should intervene and eliminate the infrastructural challenges that teachers encounter when integrating technology into their classrooms. The study also suggests that schools should adopt peer mentoring in order to entrench technology integration among the teachers.
CITATION (APA)
Gcabashe, N. B., & Molotsi, A. R. (2026). Strategies adopted by South African teachers to overcome challenges associated with technology integration in rural schools. Contemporary Educational Technology, 18(2), ep639. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/18055
REFERENCES
- Arkorful, V., Barfi, K., A., & Aboagye, I., K. (2021). Integration of information and communication technology in teaching: Initial perspectives of senior high school teachers in Ghana. Education and Information Technologies Journal, 26, 3771-3787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10426-7
- Atabek, O. (2020). Experienced educators’ suggestions for solutions to the challenges to technology integration. Education and Information Technologies, 25(6), 5669-5685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10243-y
- Babbie, E., & Mouton, J. (2012). The practice of social research (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Bertram, C., & Christiansen, I. (2020). Understanding research: An introduction to reading research (2nd ed.). Van Schaik Publishers.
- Chisango, G., & Marongwe, N. (2021). The digital divide at three disadvantaged secondary schools in Gauteng, South Africa. Journal of Education (University of KwaZulu-Natal), (82), 149-165. https://doi.org/10.17159/2520-9868/i82a09
- Chisango, G., Marongwe, N., Mtsi, N., & Matyedi, T. E. (2020). Teachers’ perceptions of adopting information and communication technologies in teaching and learning at rural secondary schools in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Africa Education Review, 17(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2018.1491317
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.
- Department of Basic Education. (2015). Action plan to 2019: Towards the realisation of schooling 2023. Department of Basic Education. https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/Documents/Publications/Action%20Plan%202019.pdf?ver=2015-11-11-162424-417
- Duma, N. M., Mlambo, S., Mbombo-Mkhwanazi, S., & Morgan, W. (2021). Digital inequalities in rural schools in South African. Open Science Journal, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.23954/osj.v6i3.2984
- Dinc, E. (2019). Prospective teachers’ perceptions of barriers to technology integration in education. Contemporary Educational Technology, 10(4), 381-398. https://doi.org/10.30935/cet.634187
- Gcabashe, N. B. (2023). Business studies teachers’ understanding and implementation of flipped learning in technology-enhanced classrooms. Journal of Education (University of KwaZulu-Natal), (92), 136-152. https://doi.org/10.17159/2520-9868/i92a08
- Graham, M. A., Stols, G., & Kapp, R. (2020). Teacher practice and integration of ICT: Why are or aren’t South African teachers using ICTs in their classrooms. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 749-766. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13251a
- Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8
- Hajara, I., P., N., & Bukari, M. (2017). Students’ perceptions of ICTs on teaching and learning at Wurishei Community A1–Badah Junior High School, Tamale, Ghana. Journal of Education of E-Service and Mobile Applications, 9(4), 24-40. https://doi.org/10.9734/JESBS/2017/37154
- Herodotou, C. (2018). Young children and tablets: A systematic review of effects on learning and development. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12220
- Ismail, S. A. M. M., Jogezai, N. A., & Baloch, F. A. (2020). Hindering and enabling factors towards ICT integration in schools: A developing country perspective. Elementary Education Online, 19(3), 1537-1547. https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2015.85927
- Joseph, P. (2021). Use and challenges of ICT in secondary schools in Tanzania: A study of selected secondary schools in Mikindani Municipality, Tanzania. African Journal of Accounting and Social Sciences, 3(1).
- Maree,K. (2020). Planning a research proposal. In J. G. Maree (Ed.), First steps in research (pp. 79-116). Van Schaik Publishers.
- McMillan, J., & Schumacher, S. (2014). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Pearson.
- Medlin, B. D. (2001). The factors that may influence a faculty member’s decision to adopt electronic technologies in instruction [PhD dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University].
- Mhlongo, S., Mbatha, K., Ramatsetse, B., & Dlamini, R. (2023). Challenges, opportunities, and prospects of adopting and using smart digital technologies in learning environments: An iterative review. Heliyon, 9(6), Article e16348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16348
- Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
- Mnisi, B. R., Mtshali, T. I., & Moses, M. (2024). Moving beyond the challenges of learning through technologies: The current status of ICT integration in South African schools. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 11(1), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v11i1.5396
- Munje, P. N., & Jita, T. (2020). The impact of the lack of ICT resources on teaching and learning in selected South African primary schools. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(7), 263-279. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.7.15
- Nieuwenhuis, J. (2020). Qualitative research designs and gathering techniques. In J. G. Maree (Ed.), First steps in research (pp. 25-52). Van Schaik Publishers.
- Nkengbeza, D., Mbuzi, D., & Chainda, A. M. (2022). Challenges faced by primary school English teachers in integrating media technology in the teaching and learning of English. Creative Education, 13(4), 1139-1153. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.134071
- Onyema, E. M. (2020). Integration of emerging technologies in teaching and learning process in Nigeria: The challenges. Central Asian Journal of Mathematical Theory and Computer Sciences, 1(1), 35-39.
- Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
- Saunders, M. N. K, Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2023). Research methods for business students (9th edition). Pearson.
- Seemann, K. (2003). Basic principles in holistic technology education. Journal of Technology Education, 14(2), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.21061/jte.v14i2.a.3
- Shambare, B., & Simuja, C. (2024). Unveiling the TPACK pathways: Technology integration and pedagogical evolution in rural South African schools. Computers and Education Open, 7, Article 100206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100206
- Sherry, T. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. Basic Books.
- Souheyla, B. (2019). Major barriers and challenges to integrating ICT in education. Crosscurrents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 5(11), 342-348. https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2019.v05i11.004
- Tawfik, A. A., Shepherd, C. E., Gatewood, J., & Gish-Lieberman, J. J. (2021). First and second order barriers to teaching in K-12 online learning. TechTrends, 65(6), 925-938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-021-00648-y
- Zamir, S., & Ali, H. (2023). Prospective teachers’ perceptions, reliance, and barriers to ICT integration in mathematics learning. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 10(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v10i1.757
The articles published in this journal are licensed under the CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution International License.