Research Article

The use of Copilot, Gemini and ChatGPT in the context of foreign language learning and teaching: An academic technology review

Liqaa Habeb Al-Obaydi 1 , Marcel Pikhart 2 *
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1 Department of English, College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Diyala, Diyala, IRAQ2 Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, CZECH REPUBLIC* Corresponding Author
Contemporary Educational Technology, 18(2), April 2026, ep640, https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/18056
Published: 09 March 2026
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ABSTRACT

Background: This technology review provides an overview about the theoretical background of using artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) in language teaching and learning, namely the generative AI chatbots Copilot, Gemini, and ChatGPT.
Objective: The aim of this review was to provide the users with a critical and analytical overview of the affordances these tools can provide.
Methodology: Technology review.
Results: It demonstrates the advantages of these three applications by introducing actual variations of the real use in language learning by using three specific prompts in relation to language writing including revising the style of writing, vocabulary use, grammar check, and references. The readers will thus be provided with a critical hands-on synopsis of the possibilities of these three tools widely used in the global world.
Conclusions: Discussion of the results gained and implications of using these three applications are finally covered so that it is clearer how these tools can be implemented. However, the article also calls for an in-depth analysis of these tool regarding the potential pitfalls related to increased screen time, cognitive impacts and potential addiction.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, higher education, LLM, language learning, language teaching

CITATION (APA)

Al-Obaydi, L. H., & Pikhart, M. (2026). The use of Copilot, Gemini and ChatGPT in the context of foreign language learning and teaching: An academic technology review. Contemporary Educational Technology, 18(2), ep640. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/18056

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