Research Article
The mediating role of academic self-regulation in the relationship between autocorrect use and vocabulary size
More Detail
1 Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, IRAN* Corresponding Author
Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(2), April 2023, ep411, https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12937
Published Online: 05 February 2023, Published: 01 April 2023
OPEN ACCESS 1181 Views 1229 Downloads
ABSTRACT
Mobile learning has extensively influenced students’ learning gains and motivation due to the hardware and software development of mobile devices and applications in recent decades. On-the-go learning increases the capacity for flexible and joyful learning and guarantees access to the instructional content anywhere, anytime. Despite their potential benefits, the presence of mobile applications in students’ every educational activity can be detrimental to their cognitive abilities as misuse or overuse of specific applications may influence students’ concentration and critical thinking. One such downside is reported for overusing automatic spelling correction software, known as AutoCorrect (AC), in language learning. Uncertainty regarding the educational values of AC has increased as students’ spelling skills and vocabulary knowledge have declined. The main problem this study addressed is examining the relationship between EFL learners’ AC use and their vocabulary size; and if their academic self-regulation mediates this association. Data were gathered from 101 foreign language learners who completed the measures of AC use, academic self-regulation, and vocabulary size. The results showed significant positive correlations between AC use, vocabulary size, and self-regulation. Further, testing the model supported a mediating role for self-regulation in the relationship between AC use and vocabulary size, suggesting that AC use can lead to more knowledge of English words in the condition of deploying self-regulatory strategies. The study signifies how academic self-regulation can assist learners in exploiting mobile learning (m-learning) to their advantage and attaining their educational goals more efficiently.
CITATION (APA)
Gholizadeh, G., & Rahimi, M. (2023). The mediating role of academic self-regulation in the relationship between autocorrect use and vocabulary size. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(2), ep411. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12937
REFERENCES
- Alharbi, O., & Stuerzlinger, W. (2021). Auto-cucumber: The impact of autocorrection failures on users’ frustration [Paper presentation]. Graphics Interface.
- Al-Hawamleh, M. S., Alazemi, A. F., & Al-Jamal, D. A. H. (2022). Digital portfolio and self-regulation in speaking tasks. Asian Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00141-w
- Alhusban, A. (2016). The impact of modern technological tools on students writing skills in English as a second language. US-China Education Review, 6(7), 438-443. https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-623X/2016.07.006
- An, Z., Wang, C., Li, S., Gan, Z., & Li, H. (2021). Technology-assisted self-regulated English language learning: Associations with English language self-efficacy, English enjoyment, and learning outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 558466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.558466
- Arif, A. S. (2013). Predicting and reducing the impact of errors in character-based text entry [PhD dissertation, York University].
- Arif, A. S., Sylla, C., & Mazalek, A. (2016). Learning new words and spelling with autocorrections [Paper presentation]. The 2016 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. https://doi.org/10.1145/2992154.2996790
- Baron, D. (2009). A better pencil: Readers, writers, and the digital revolution. Oxford University Press.
- Bartolome, A., & Steffens, K. (2011). Technologies for self-regulated learning. In R. Carneiro, P. Lefrere, K. Steffens, & J. Underwood (Eds.), Self-regulated learning in technology enhanced learning environments (pp. 21-31). Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-654-0_2
- Benson, P. (2011). Teaching and researching autonomy. Pearson Education.
- Bronowicki, K. A. (2014). Technology's adverse effects on students' writing: An emphasis on formal writing is needed in an academic curriculum [Education and Human Development Master's Theses]. http://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/ehd_theses/392
- Buckwalter, N. D. (2016). Auto-correct is a two-edged … sweater? Toward a more mindful public service. Public Administration Review, 76(3), 512-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12544
- Chang, C. K., & Hsu, C. K. (2011). A mobile-assisted synchronously collaborative translation-annotation system for English as a foreign language (EFL) reading comprehension. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24, 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2010.536952
- Cheraghi, F. (2020). The effects of vocabulary homework exercises on EFL learners’ development of reading comprehension and academic self-regulation [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University.
- Clark, L. (2013). Auto-correct generation can’t spell common words such as ‘necessary’ and ‘separate’ mail online. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2147843/Autocorrect-generation-spell-common-words-necessaryseparate.html
- Cooney, G., & Keogh, K. (2007). Use of mobile phones for language learning and assessment for learning [Paper presentation]. MLearn 2007.
- David, D., & Sava, F. A. (2015). Designs for studying mediation. In R. L. Cautin, & S. O. Lilienfeld (Eds.), The encyclopedia of clinical psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp0516
- Finkbeiner, C., Knierim, M., Smasal, M., & Ludwig, P. (2012). Self-regulated cooperative EFL reading tasks: Students’ strategy use and teachers’ support. Language Awareness, 21, 57-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2011.639892
- Graham, S., Harris, K. R., MacArthur, C., & Santangelo, T. (2018). Self-regulation and writing. In D. H. Schunk, & J. A. Greene (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 138-152). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697048-9
- Hao, T., Wang, T., & Ardasheva, Y. (2021). Technology-assisted vocabulary learning for EFL learners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 14(3), 645-667. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2021.1917028
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. The Guilford Press.
- Hayles, N. K. (2012). How we think: Digital media and contemporary technogenesis. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226321370.001.0001
- Hicham, B., & Bachir, B. (2020). Using writing assistive technology to improve EFL university students performance. Quarterly of Iranian Distance Education Journal, 2(2), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.30473/idej.2019.6869
- Hiscox, L, Leonavičiūtė, E., & Humby, T. (2014). The effects of automatic spelling correction software on understanding and comprehension in compensated dyslexia: Improved recall following dictation. Dyslexia, 20(3), 208-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1480
- Joseph, S., & Uther, M. (2009). Mobile devices for language learning: Multimedia approach. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 4, 7-32. https://doi.org/10.1142/S179320680900060X
- Klein, J., Moon, Y., & Picard, R. w. (2002). This computer responds to user frustration: Theory, design, and results. Interacting with Computers, 14, 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(01)00053-4
- Lewis, R. (1998). Enhancing the writing skills of students with learning disabilities through technology: An investigation of the effects of text entry tools, editing tools, and speech synthesis. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED432117.pdf
- Liang, H. L. (2008). Spellcheckers and correctors: A unified treatment [Unpublished master’s degree]. University of Pretoria.
- Lin, P. H., Liu, T. C., & Paas, F. (2017). Effects of spellcheckers on English as a second language students’ incidental spelling learning: A cognitive load perspective. Reading & Writing, 30(7), 1501-1525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9734-4
- Lubbe, E., Monteith, J., & Mentz, E. (2006). The relationship between keyboarding skills and
- self-regulated learning. South African Journal of Education, 26(2), 281-293. http://doi.org.10.4314/saje.v26i2.25070
- Lunsford, A., & Lunsford, K. (2008). Mistakes are a fact of life: A national comparative study. College Composition and Communication, 59(4), 781-806.
- Magno, (2010). Assessing academic self-regulated learning among Filipino college students: The factor structure and item fit. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 5, 61-76.
- Mooji, T., Steffens, K., & Andrade, M. S. (2014). Self-regulated and technology-enhanced learning: A European perspective. European Educational Research Journal, 13(5), 519-528. http://doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2014.13.5.519
- Mudassir, Q., Gul, S., Simming, I. A., & Siming, G. A. (2020). Investigating the use and impact of spellchecker among QUEST undergraduates by using computer-based software word processor. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 20(12), 66-71. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2020.20.12.7
- Nation, I. S. P. (2000). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524759
- Nation, I. S. P. (2007). The four strands. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.2167/illt039.0
- Nation, I. S. P., & Beglar, D. (2007). A vocabulary size test. The Language Teacher, 31(7), 9-12.
- Nation, I. S. P., & Macalister, J. (2010). Language curriculum design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203870730
- Nichols, L. M. (1996). Pencil and paper versus word processing: A Comparative study of creative writing in the elementary school. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 29, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/08886504.1996.10782192
- Olshtain, E. (2016). Practical tasks for mastering the mechanics of writing and going just beyond. In M. Celce-Murcia, D. Brinton, & M. Snow [Eds.], Teaching English as second or foreign language (pp. 208-221). Heinle Cengage Learning.
- Palin, K., Feit, A. M., Kim, S., Kristensson, P., O., & Oulasvirta, A. (2019). How do people type on mobile devices? Observations from a study with 37,000 volunteers [Paper presentation]. MobileHCI ‘19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3338286.3340120
- Phinney, M., & Khouri, S. (1993). Computers, revision, and ESL writers: The role of experience. Journal of Second Language Writing, 2(3), 257-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/1060-3743(93)90021-T
- Ping, A. M., Baranovich, D.-L., Manueli, M. K., & Saedah, S. (2015). Promoting self-regulation in vocabulary learning among Chinese EFL learners: A needs analysis. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 24, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-013-0166-x
- Rahimi, M., & Alavi, J. (2017). The role of teaching experience in language teachers’ perceptions of a top-down curriculum change. The Curriculum Journal, 28(4), 479-503. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2017.1344134
- Rahimi, M., & Allahyari, A. (2019). Effects of multimedia learning combined with strategy-based instruction on vocabulary learning and strategy use. Sage Open, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019844081
- Rahimi, M., & Miri, S.S. (2014). The impact of mobile dictionary use on language learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1469-1474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.567
- Rahimi, M., & Shahryari, A. (2019). The role of autocorrect software use in learning English as a foreign language. Technology of Education Journal, 13(4), 669-679. https://doi.org/10.22061/jte.2019.4331.2048
- Rimbar, H. (2017). The influence of spellcheckers on students’ ability to generate repairs of spelling errors. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss1pp1-12
- Russon, A. R., & Wanous, S. J. (1973). Philosophy and psychology of teaching typewriting. Southern-Western.
- Schmitt, N. (2000). Vocabulary in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
- Shahryari, A. (2019). The role of autocorrect software use in learning English as a foreign language [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University.
- Sheehan, C. (2009). Spell-check crutch curtails correctness. CBSNews. CBS Interactive. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/30701/nld26.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Siriwan, M. (2007). English vocabulary learning strategies employed [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Suranaree University of Technology.
- Sorrentino, J. (2008). Is spell check creating a generation of dummies? Education.com. https://www.education.com/magazine/article/spell_check
- Sperling, R. A., Howard, B. C., & Staley, R. (2004). Metacognition and self-regulated learning constructs. Educational Research & Evaluation, 10(2), 117-139. https://doi.org/10.1076/edre.10.2.117.27905
- Squire, K., & Dikkers, S. (2012). Amplifications of learning: Use of mobile media devices among youth. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 18, 445-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856511429646
- Steel, C. (2012). Fitting learning into life: Language students’ perspectives on benefits of using mobile apps. In M. Brown, M. Hartnett, & T. Stewart (Eds.), Future challenges, sustainable future (pp. 875-880).
- Thiede, K. W., & de Bruin, A. B. H. (2018). Self-regulated learning in reading. In D. H. Schunk, & J. A. Greene (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 124-137). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315697048-8
- Thompson, D. (2012). Promoting metacognitive skills in intermediate Spanish: Report of a classroom research project. Foreign Language Annals, 45, 447-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2012.01199.x
- Tseng, W., & Schmitt, N. (2008). Toward a model of motivated vocabulary learning: A structural equation modeling approach. Language Learning, 58(2), 357-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00444.x
- Walfish, M., Hachamovitch, D., & Fein, A. (2000). System and method for automatically correcting a misspelled word. https://patents.google.com/patent/US6047300A/en
- Warschauer, M. (1998). Computer and language learning: An overview. Language Teaching, 31(2), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800012970
- Wen, W. T., Jumuat, N. F., Ashari, Z. M., Na, K. S., Abdullah, A. H., Abu Samah, N., & Ali, D. F. (2019). Effectiveness of mobile assisted language learning towards students’ achievement and motivation in learning English prepositions [Paper presentation]. IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Education. https://doi.org/10.1109/TALE48000.2019.9225865
- Wood, N. (2014). Autocorrect awareness: Categorizing autocorrect changes and measuring authorial perceptions [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Florida University.
- Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attainment of self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.) Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-19). Academic Press.
- Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance. Routledge.
- Zimmerman, C. B. (2016). Teaching and learning vocabulary for second language learners. In M. Celce-Murcia, D. M. Brinton, & M. N. Snow (Eds.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (pp. 288-302). Heinle Cengage Learning.